Agricultural Personnel Management Program
University of California

to selected tables and graphs

Data on Ag Labor and Employment

Periodic Reports and Tabulations

  • The California Agricultural Bulletin
  • Monthly and annual average estimates of agricultural employment and earnings, by region and industry (i.e., crop, livestock, or ag service category), from the EDD Labor Market Information Division.  Series began in Oct 1990 and was suspended during 1997-98 but resumed in 1999.
  • Occupational Employment and Wages in California
  • Report of data from EDD's Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey, by county and overall state, now includes several agricultural classifications among 700 total.
  • California Labor Force and Employment
  • Tables published by the California Department of Finance.
  • Farm Labor
  • Quarterly publication from USDA based on regular survey of farm operators.  Reports employment, workhours, and pay rates of agricultural workers for U.S. overall, multi-state regions, and selected states (including California). 
  • Farm and Farm-Related Employment
  • Yearly series from the Economic Research Service, based on data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Census Bureau's County Business Patterns.  Includes state-by-state estimates of not only hired farm workers but also farm proprietors and employees of agricultural service, input, processing, marketing, wholesale and retail trade businesses.  
  • National Agricultural Workers Survey
  • Originally established to help meet a requirement of the 1986 immigration reform law, NAWS is probably the best source of info on demographics, working and living conditions of U.S. farm workers. Most recent report for U.S. overall (160 kb pdf download) was released March 2000.  Also available is pdf copy of the 1998 report of California data from 1995-97, Who Works on California Farms? (2.5MB pdf)
  • Census of Agriculture
  • Statistical picture of the agricultural sector in the U.S. economy by county, state or ZIP code, based on data from surveys conducted every five years, most recently 2002.  Large variety of reports from the National Ag Statistics Service.  A nicely organized alternative access to the COA data, including clickable maps and 1987-92-97 comparisons at state and county levels, is now maintained by the Mann Library at Cornell University.
  • Agricultural Atlas of the United States
  • Large set of maps showing aggregate farm characteristics by location, based on data from the 1997 Census of Agriculture.  Includes levels of employment, expenses for hired farm labor, and expenses for contract labor.
  • Profile of Hired Farmworkers, 1996 Annual Averages (100kb pdf download)
  • Examines demographic and employment characteristics of hired farmworkers in the U.S., using data from the 1996 Current Population Survey (CPS).  Published 4/98, written by Jack L. Runyan, ERS.
  • Costs and Returns of Crop Production in California
  • More than 125 downloadable recent studies of estimated costs (including labor) to produce various crops grown throughout California.


    Source Organizations

  • Economic Research Service, USDA
  • National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA
  • Economics and Statistics System, USDA
  • Labor Market Information Division, California Employment Development Dept.
  • National Agricultural Workers Survey, U.S. DOL
  • Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services
  • Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. DOL
  • Occupational Injuries and Citations, U.S. DOL, OSHA
  • Workers' Compensation Insurance Rating Bureau, California
  • U.S. Department of Commerce, Stat-USA
  • U.S. Census Bureau
  • Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Codes
  • Economic Research Institute -- commercial site offering salary survey, compensation, and cost-of-living info
  • Mexican Migration Project -- U. of Pennsylvania and U. de Guadalajara


  • Selected Tables and Graphs

  • Wage and salary employees in California agriculture, by county, 1990-2002
  • California Dept. of Finance (Excel download file).
  • Indicators of activity under the ALRA
  • Graphs prepared from ALRB data for "Observing the ALRA in 1997" seminar.
  • Average number of workers on U. S. farms -- total, hired, and family, 1910-2000
  • National Ag Statistics Service, USDA.
  • Expenses for hired and contract labor on farms in the U.S., by county, 1997 (map)
  • Economic Research Service, USDA.
  • Number of farms and farm workers in the U. S., 1910-2000
  • National Ag Statistics Service, USDA.
  • Number of hired farm workers and average farm wages in the U.S., 1910-2000
  • National Ag Statistics Service, USDA.
  • Average wage rates on U.S. farms, by Quarter, 1990-2004
  • National Ag Statistics Service, USDA.
  • Average farm, nonfarm, and minimum wages in the U.S., 1981-2002
  • National Ag Statistics Service, USDA

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